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Die Studie richtet sich gegen die verbreitete Auffassung, Senecas Tragödien und Lucans Bürgerkriegsepos demonstrieren die Enttäuschung ihrer Autoren darüber, dass die stoische Doktrin angesichts des Bösen im menschlichen Handeln oder unvermeidbarer Schicksalsschläge keine überzeugende Antwort bereithalte. Die Werke beider Dichter setzen gezielt und in paralleler Behandlung die stoischen Fragestellungen zum Spannungsfeld von menschlicher Entscheidungsfreiheit und Determinismus literarisch um. This study contests the widespread view that Seneca's tragedies and Lucan's epic on the civil war express their authors' disappointment at the failure of Stoic doctrine to provide convincing answers to the problems of evil in human behaviour or the inescapable blows of Fate. The works of both writers, parallel in treatment, aim at the representation in literature of the tensions between human free-will and determinism.

Stoics in literature --- Free will and determinism --- Seneca, Lucius Annaeus, --- Lucan, --- Free will and determinism. --- Stoics in literature. --- Compatibilism --- Determinism and free will --- Determinism and indeterminism --- Free agency --- Freedom and determinism --- Freedom of the will --- Indeterminism --- Liberty of the will --- Determinism (Philosophy) --- Pypłacz, Joanna. --- Seneca, Lucius Annaeus, - ca. 4 B.C.-65 A.D. - Tragedies --- Lucan, - 39-65. - Pharsalia

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Nach dem Stand der Forschung lässt sich Senecas Vorstellung vom Willen im Rahmen der stoischen Affektpsychologie deuten. Dagegen spricht aber die Grundform der menschlichen Selbsterhaltung, die Seneca statt eines "Ur-Triebes" bzw. eines "Ersten Naturgemäßen" als Überlebenswille erachtet hat. Die vorliegende Abhandlung zeigt, was zu Senecas Vorstellung vom Willen von römischer Tradition vorgegeben war und worin die Neuerung besteht. Im Anschluss daran werden die von Seneca zur moralischen Erneuerung konzipierten Formen und Stufen des Willens in seiner Morallehre erforscht und die dafür erforderliche Affektpsychologie und Willensmetaphysik beleuchtet.

Free will and determinism. --- Seneca, Lucius Annaeus, --- Compatibilism --- Determinism and free will --- Determinism and indeterminism --- Free agency --- Freedom and determinism --- Freedom of the will --- Indeterminism --- Liberty of the will --- Determinism (Philosophy) --- Seneca, Lucius Annaeus --- Seneca --- Annaeus Seneca, Lucius, --- Seneca, Annaeus, --- Seneca, --- Seneca, L. A. --- Seneca, Lucio Anneo, --- Seneka, --- Seneka, L. Annėĭ, --- Sénèque, --- סנקא, לוציוס אנאוס --- Pseudo-Seneca

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Neurosciences --- Neuropsychology. --- Free will and determinism. --- Love. --- Spirituality. --- Spiritual-mindedness --- Philosophy --- Religion --- Spiritual life --- Affection --- Emotions --- First loves --- Friendship --- Intimacy (Psychology) --- Compatibilism --- Determinism and free will --- Determinism and indeterminism --- Free agency --- Freedom and determinism --- Freedom of the will --- Indeterminism --- Liberty of the will --- Determinism (Philosophy) --- Neurophysiology --- Psychophysiology --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system --- Social aspects.

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Free will and determinism. --- Liberty. --- Civil liberty --- Emancipation --- Freedom --- Liberation --- Personal liberty --- Democracy --- Natural law --- Political science --- Equality --- Libertarianism --- Social control --- Compatibilism --- Determinism and free will --- Determinism and indeterminism --- Free agency --- Freedom and determinism --- Freedom of the will --- Indeterminism --- Liberty of the will --- Determinism (Philosophy)

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When can we be morally responsible for our behavior? Is it fair to blame people for actions that are determined by heredity and environment? Can we be responsible for the actions of relatives or members of our community? In this provocative book, Tamler Sommers concludes that there are no objectively correct answers to these questions. Drawing on research in anthropology, psychology, and a host of other disciplines, Sommers argues that cross-cultural variation raises serious problems for theories that propose universally applicable conditions for moral responsibility. He then develops a new way of thinking about responsibility that takes cultural diversity into account. Relative Justice is a novel and accessible contribution to the ancient debate over free will and moral responsibility. Sommers provides a thorough examination of the methodology employed by contemporary philosophers in the debate and a challenge to Western assumptions about individual autonomy and its connection to moral desert.

Ethics. --- Skepticism. --- Responsibility --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Philosophy --- Values --- Scepticism --- Unbelief --- Agnosticism --- Belief and doubt --- Free thought --- Accountability --- Moral responsibility --- Obligation --- Ethics --- Supererogation --- Skepticism --- East. --- Richard Double. --- West. --- behavior. --- blame. --- collectivist societies. --- compatibilism. --- contemporary philosophy. --- cooperation. --- cultural differences. --- cultural diversity. --- eliminativism. --- first-order skepticism. --- free will. --- guilt. --- honor cultures. --- individual autonomy. --- individualist societies. --- intuition. --- just punishment. --- justice. --- libertarianism. --- metaskepticism. --- moral responsibility. --- non-honor cultures. --- norms. --- philosophical theories. --- philosophy. --- praise. --- rationality. --- responsibility. --- retributive attitudes. --- shame. --- universality.